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RF Field Guide · reviewed reference

Channel widths, protocols, polarity, and MIMO

Capacity depends on usable spectrum and signal quality, not a channel-width setting alone.

Question

Why can a wider channel or more spatial streams make a link worse?

Inputs

  • Channel width and adjacent-channel environment
  • Protocol, modulation/coding, antenna polarization, and spatial-stream capability

Answer

Working

Thermal noise rises with bandwidth: N = −174 dBm/Hz + 10 log10(B in Hz) + receiver noise figure. Doubling bandwidth raises the thermal-noise power by 3 dB, so the additional throughput must justify the signal-quality and spectrum trade-off.

Visual explanation

Capacity trade-off
  1. Channel width
  2. Noise bandwidth
  3. SINR
  4. MCS
  5. Spatial streams
  6. Throughput

Interpretation

Plan a channel width from measured spectrum conditions and required capacity. Confirm polarization alignment and use the radio's actual MCS table rather than a marketing PHY-rate headline.

Limitations

Next step

See the capacity limit behind the trade-off